Análisis de variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco y su relación con la sensibilidad insulínica en pacientes obesos y con sobrepeso / Heart rate variability and insulin resistance among obese males

Background: Heart rate variability analysis provides quantitative information about vagal and sympathetic modulation of cardiac function. Aim: To analyze the relationship between heart rate variability and insulin resistance in obese patients. Material and Methods: Male participants were studied, divided in 10 obese subjects aged 27 ± 2 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 31.2 ± 1.3 kg/m², 15 overweight subjects aged 24 ± 3 years with a BMI of 26.7 ± 1.5 kg/m² and 14 normal weight subjects aged 21 ± 2 years with a BMI of 22.5 ± 1.3 kg/m². Resting heart rate variability was measured in a period of 5 minutes. A spectral analysis was done measuring the low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF). A non- linear analysis was carried out measuring the standard deviation of the instantaneous variation of RR intervals (SD1) and α-1 or a fractal analysis of RR interval complexity. A fasting blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose and insulin and calculate the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: Among obese subjects HOMA-IR, LF/HF, α-1 and SD1 values were 2.6 ± 2.1, 2.4 ± 1.8, 1.2 ± 0.06 and 22.5 ± 10 respectively. The figures for normal weight subjects were 0.5 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.3 and 26 ± 7.8 respectively. Conclusions: There is an association between spectral and fractal values of heart rate variability and HOMA-IR. These results may indicate a predominance of sympathetic control of heart rate among obese subjects.

El entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalo de alta intensidad mejora el consumo de oxígeno peak en pacientes con síndrome metabólico: CAT / High intensity aerobic interval training improves peak oxygen consumption in patients with metabolic syndrome: CAT

Introducción El síndrome metabólico consiste en una serie de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, que se caracterizan por un mayor depósito de grasa a nivel abdominal, resistencia a la insulina, bajo nivel de lipoproteinas de alta densidad y triglicéridos elevados. Uno de los principales déficits que presentan los sujetos que la padecen es una disminución de su consumo de oxígeno. Objetivo Comprobar la validez y aplicabilidad de los resultados con respecto a la efectividad del entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalos de alta intensidad en sujetos con síndrome metabólico. También se busca responder la siguiente interrogante ¿puede el entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalos de alta intensidad mejorar el consumo de oxígeno peak? Método Se analizó el artículo “Efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalos sobre capacidad del ejercicio y los factores de riesgo metabólico en personas con trastornos cardiometabólicos”, revisión sistemática. Resultados El entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalos de alta intensidad podría incrementar el consumo de oxígeno peak presentando una diferencia media estandarizada de 3,60 mL/kg-1/min-1 (IC 95 por ciento; 0,28–4,91). Conclusión A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas que presentan los estudios primarios incluidos en la revisión sistemática, se encuentra razonable la aplicación del entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalos de alta intensidad en pacientes con síndrome metabólico para mejorar el consumo de oxígeno peak.

Introduction A number of cardiovascular risk factors characterizes the metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance (IR), low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides. The aforementioned risk factors lead to elevated levels of abdominal adipose tissue, resulting in oxygen consumption deficiency. Purpose To verify the validity and applicability of using high intensity interval training (HIIT) in subjects with metabolic syndrome and to answer the following question: Can HIIT improve peak oxygen consumption? MethodThe systematic review "Effects of aerobic interval training on exercise capacity and metabolic risk factors in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders" was analyzed. Results Data suggests high intensity aerobic interval training increases peak oxygen consumption by a standardized mean difference of 3.60 mL/kg-1/min-1 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.28-4.91). Conclusion In spite of the methodological shortcomings of the primary studies included in the systematic review, we reasonably conclude that implementation of high intensity aerobic interval training in subjects with metabolic syndrome, leads to increases in peak oxygen consumption.